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"This handbook explores how democracies around the world seek to balance their democratic values with the requirement to protect their citizens from the threat of politically motivated violence. Over the past few decades, the majority of the world's democracies have had to confront serious security threats, and in many instances these challenges have not come from rival states but from violent groups. This volume offers readers an overview of how some democracies have responded to such threats. It examines the extent to which authorities have felt compelled to modify their laws to evade what would ordinarily be regarded as protected rights such as personal privacy, freedom of movement, and freedom of speech. Grounded in historical analysis, each of the sections addresses past and emerging security threats; legal and legislative responses to them; successful and unsuccessful efforts to reconcile democracy and security; and a range of theoretical questions. The case studies provided vary in terms of the durability of their democratic systems, level of economic development and the severity of the threats to which they have been confronted. The volume is divided into three thematic parts: Strong Democracies: United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel Challenged Democracies: India, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, and Romania Fragile Democracies: the Philippines and Nigeria This book will be of much interest to students of democracy, security studies, political philosophy, Asian politics, Middle Eastern politics, African politics, West European politics, and IR in general"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. The Impact of International Developments on Domestic Party Politics -- 2. The Italian Party System -- 3. The Party Transformed -- 4. Change in Party Organization -- 5. The Personal Impact of Party Change -- 6. Concluding Observations -- Bibliography -- Index

The role of terrorism in twenty-first-century warfare is a critical reflection on the major armed conflicts occurring during the 1990s and the first decade of the Twenty First Century. Conflicts in Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria all involved the use of terrorism by one or more groups. Turning to the future, the book asks what does this mean for violent conflicts yet to come? Using a variety of case studies, Weinberg and Martin provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the role played by terrorism as a stand-alone tactic as well as one used to ignite broad-scale conflict. The work also poses the question on what occasions does terrorism tend to occur as an armed conflict begins to subside, and when, in other words, is it a trailing indicator?

This book examines the relationships between democratic government and political terrorism. Since the 9/11 attacks, the United States and many of its allies have declared a 'war on terrorism'. This struggle has been inspired in part by the belief is that by promoting democracy they will also bring an end to terrorism. Where people enjoy the blessings of liberty, they will naturally find peaceful outlets for the expression of their political views, it has been widely held. Terrorism, on the other hand, is seen largely as a consequence of repression.? Where citizens cannot choose rulers freely a

This book considers not the beginning or origins of terrorism but how groups that use terrorism end. Terrorism as a tactic is unlikely to disappear, however virtually all the groups that employed terrorist violence during the 1960s and 1970s have passed from the scene in one way or another. Likewise most of the individuals who embarked on 'careers' in terrorism over these same years now engage in other pursuits. The author argues that al-Qaeda and the various violent Islamist groups it has inspired are, like their predecessors, bound to bring their operations to an end. Rather than discussing

Since the terrible events of 9/11, more attention than ever has been paid to the threats and challenges posed by terrorists. Weinberg explains who the terrorists are, where they came from, what motivates them, and what, if anything, can be done to stop them. It provides a fascinating insight into how terrorist ''cells'' operate and what they might do in the future. Leonard Weinberg is Foundation Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada. He has also served as a consultant to the United Nations Office for the Prevention of Terrorism and was a recipient of the 1999 Thornton Pe

This book considers not the beginning or origins of terrorism but how groups that use terrorism end. Terrorism as a tactic is unlikely to disappear, however virtually all the groups that employed terrorist violence during the 1960s and 1970s have passed from the scene in one way or another. Likewise most of the individuals who embarked on "careers" in terrorism over these same years now engage in other pursuits. The author argues that al-Qaeda and the various violent Islamist groups it has inspired are, like their predecessors, bound to bring their operations to an end. Rather than discussing the defection or de-radicalization of individuals the book aims to analyze how terrorist groups are defeated, or defeat themselves. It examines the historical record, drawing on a large collection of empirical data to analyze in detail the various ends of these violent organizations. This book provides a unique empirically informed perspective on the end of terrorism that is a valuable addition to the currently available literature and will be of interest to scholars of terrorism, security studies and international politics.

In the public debate, many observers have argued that there is a trade-off between fighting terrorism and enhancing democracy, implying that democratic governance and its practices are obstacles to confronting terrorism effectively. The purpose of this volume is to show that the values and principles of democracy must not be seen as a hindrance but should rather be considered as essential components of a counter-terrorist strategy. The essays assess the elements of a new response against terrorism, such as the role of the legal framework, human rights, democracy and civil society, as well as i.